Summary
Etizolam (Fig.1) is a thienodiazepine derivative, also known to be a benzodiazepine through its action via the benzodiazepine receptor [1; 2]. In the United States, it is available for purchase through the internet for the purpose of research [3]. However, etizolam has not been approved by the FDA for medicinal use [4], and it cannot be imported, sold or prescribed in the US. In addition, etizolam is marketed in only some countries as a medicinal product; Table 1 highlights countries authorised to sell etizolam. Etizolam – legal production – has been described as ‘[readily] available by the internet’ by the 39th ECDD (2017) Agenda item 4.13. Furthermore, no reports exist on the illicit manufacturing of etizolam. Data – which is limited – suggests that over 5% of Americans purchased benzodiazepine in 2013 [5].
Figure 1. Etizolam (C17H15CIN4S)
Figure 1. Etizolam (C17H15CIN4S) is a thienodiazepine derivative sold commercially (in some countries) and on the internet for research purposes [4]. Eizolam was patented in 1978 and was more recently reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in 2011 [5]. Right: etizolam structure showing chemical groups [3].
Table 1. Etizolam is only sold commercially in some countries. Etizolam is registered for use as a medicine in Japan, Italy and India [2].
Company | Country |
Bayer | Italy |
Solvay Pharma | Italy |
Choseido Pharmaceutical | Japan |
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries | |
Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma | |
Tatsumi Kagaku | |
Intas Pharmaceuticals | India |
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